Member Briefing April 8, 2026

Posted By: Harold King Daily Briefing,

Uncertainty Reigns For Manufacturers Seeking Tariff Refunds

More than a month after the U.S. Supreme Court invalidated most of the Trump administration’s tariffs imposed under the 1977 International Emergency Economic Powers Act, companies are taking a variety of approaches to obtaining refunds for tariffs they paid and hoping for the best. Only a small fraction of the more than 300,000 companies subject to President Donald Trump’s IEPPA tariffs have sued for refunds in the U.S. Court of International Trade, said Jonathan Todd, an international trade attorney at Benesch Friedlander Coplan & Aronoff. These tend to be larger firms with bigger legal budgets and/or more money at stake, he and other experts said.

Todd said many more companies have filed administrative claims with U.S. Customs and Border Protection or are waiting to and apply for refunds through the Consolidated Administration and Processing of Entries system, or CAPE, a new CBP digital portal that is scheduled to go live in April. Others are biding their time because they’re not sure how to proceed. “The companies that are taking the most aggressive approach are filing lawsuits in an abundance of caution to make sure they can recover the refunds,” he said in an interview. “Others are filing administrative protests, while others are waiting for the CBP system to come up. No one really knows for certain what they should be doing because the Supreme Court was completely silent on the whole refund process.”

Read more at Manufacturing Dive

Global Steel Output Continues to Slow

Carbon steel production totaled 141.8 million metric tons during February, -3.9% less than the tonnage reported for January according to the World Steel Assn., which tracks tonnage across 69 countries. The output drop is typical because typically there are fewer operating hours in February than in January. In 2026, the reported totals included estimated results from three of the 10 largest producer nations. Still, the global production total for February is just -2.2% below the February 2025 result, which occurred prior to the application of tariffs on U.S. imports of steel.

  • Chinese raw steel output for February is estimated at 76.1 million metric tons, or 1.1% more than the January estimate but -3.6% less than the February 2025 total. Since the start of 2026, China’s steelmakers have produced an estimated 160.3 million metric tons, or -3.6% less than last year’s two-month total.
  • In India, raw steel production slipped -11.0% from January to 13.6 million metric tons, though that volume is 7.7% higher than the February 2025 output. Indian year-to-date raw steel production stands at 28.9 million metric tons, +9.7% more than January-February 2025.
  • U.S. steelmakers produced 6.5 million metric tons during February, -9.2% less than their January output and yet a +5.8% improvement on the February 2025 total. The U.S. industry’s YTD total is 13.7 million metric tons, 4.9% more than last year’s comparable total.
  • Japan’s February raw steel output was 6.4 million metric tons, -6.2% less than the January total but unchanged from the February 2025 report. The two-month 2026 total for Japan is 13.1 million metric tons, just -0.3% less than January-February 2025.
  • South Korean steelmakers produced 5.0 million metric tons for February, down -12.0% from January’s total and -10.2% from February 2025. Their two-month YTD output is 10.5 million metric tons, a -9.0% drop from 2025.
  • The Russian steel industry is estimated to have produced 4.8 million metric tons during February, -14.6% below the figure reported for January and essentially even (+0.02%) with last February’s result. Russia’s year-to-date raw steel output is pegged at 10.4 million metric tons, a +2.5% improvement over last year’s two-month total.

Read more at American Machinist

U.S. Durable Goods Orders Fell 1.4% In February on Aircraft

Demand for U.S. durable goods declined in February from January, according to delayed data published by the Commerce Department Tuesday. Total orders for durable goods were $315.5 billion in February, down 1.4% from January’s $319.9 billion. The January figure was revised downward and represented a 0.5% decrease from December, the Commerce Department said. Transportation equipment drove the decline, falling 5.4%. Excluding transportation, new orders increased 0.8%, the Commerce Department said. Orders excluding aircraft and defense jumped by 1.5% in February from January and by 5.8% year-over-year to a record $278 billion, seasonally adjusted.

  • The increase of durable goods orders, excluding nondefense aircraft and parts and excluding defense, was driven by month-to-month increases in orders at manufacturers of:
  • Computers & electronic products: +4.9% to $28 billion
  • Motor vehicles & parts: +3.1% to $71 billion
  • Primary metals: +2.2% to $29 billion
  • Machinery: +1.5% to $41 billion
  • Fabricated metal products: +0.5% to $43 billion
  • All other durable goods: +0.5% to $50 billion

Read More at Seeking Alpha

Iran and the Middle East

Ukraine

Other World Headlines

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Lawmakers Returned to Albany Tuesday, Passed Weeklong Budget Extender

Lawmakers returned to Albany to vote on another state budget extender on Tuesday. The extender, ensures the state can cover essential expenses and make payroll deadlines, runs through next Monday as Hochul and state legislative leaders continue budget negotiations. The current extension, passed on March 31, runs through Tuesday. The budget was due April 1 and is Hochul's fifth late spending plan in a row, as she has made clear she has no problem digging in to put pressure on state lawmakers to cede ground in negotiations over her budget policy proposals, one of the few avenues governors have to directly drive state policy changes. 

Negotiations between Hochul and legislative leaders remain ongoing, with major differences on the governor’s proposal to reform the state’s car insurance laws and dial back the 2019 climate law, highlighting the current impasse, as well as differences over raising taxes on the wealthy, school aid and Tier 6 pension reform.

Read more at New York State of Politics

Republican Divisions, Trump’s Detachment Stymie GOP Efforts To Reopen DHS

House and Senate Republicans scrambling to end the longest federal shutdown in U.S. history keep running into themselves. Within the House, Speaker Mike Johnson (R-La.) and his leadership team haven’t found a formula for containing their rebellious conservative wing. Between the chambers, Johnson and Senate Majority Leader John Thune (R-S.D.) have been at odds over both substance and strategy. And from the White House, President Trump’s mixed messages have thwarted progress at crucial moments when a breakthrough appeared at hand.

GOP leaders in both chambers have downplayed any evidence of internal strife. They’re putting the blame for the DHS stalemate squarely on the shoulders of Democrats, who have refused to support any new funding for immigration enforcement unless it’s accompanied by tougher rules governing the conduct of DHS’s policing arms: U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Customs and Border Protection (CBP). Yet Republicans control all levers of power in Washington: the House, Senate and White House. And they have potent tools at their disposal to fund the entirety of DHS, including the enforcement operations at the center of the partisan controversy — if they can rally their party behind a plan.

Read more at The Hill

Why More People Are Dropping Out of the Job Market

The U.S. labor market bounced back last month with healthy job growth and a decline in unemployment. But another trend also came into focus: the continuing fall in labor-force participation. The share of the working-age population that is either working or looking for work—known as the labor-force participation rate—edged down to 61.9% in March, its lowest level since 1977, outside of the pandemic. The rate has been gradually falling since the early 2000s, largely due to the aging population.

The continued aging of the population and the Trump administration’s immigration crackdown have helped drive the fall in recent months, economists said. The rate matters because it helps set the pace of economic growth. The economy grows either because more workers join it or because each worker produces more. Fortunately, U.S. productivity growth has been above historical averages for the past several years, said Greg Daco, chief economist at EY-Parthenon. “That has essentially partially offset the slowdown in the growth of the labor force,” he said. “But there’s an open question as to how much more productivity growth we’ll get in the coming years,” he added.

Read More at The WSJ

More Policy and Politics Headlines

Why Eight Hours Of Sleep May Not Be Enough Anymore

In sleep laboratories, researchers are seeing a pattern: reduced time spent in slow-wave sleep—the stage most closely linked to cellular repair and metabolic recovery—despite normal total sleep duration. Eight hours in bed no longer guarantees that the body has fully reset. It’s tempting to frame this as a personal failure: too much screen time, an inability to unplug. But sleep scientists say the problem runs deeper. In Dopamine Nation, Stanford psychiatrist Anna Lembke writes that constant digital stimulation pushes the brain’s reward system toward craving, leaving it restless even after the screen goes dark. Emerging research supports that shift. A 2025 study in Frontiers in Psychiatry found that higher levels of smartphone dependence were strongly associated with poorer sleep quality and greater psychological distress—even among people who deliberately carved out time to rest.

To understand why that signal is breaking down, researchers are now looking beyond bedtime and into the biology of how the body recognizes that it’s safe to let go.The stress system is designed to remain active in the presence of unfinished demands. Recovery occurs only after the brain disengages its monitoring systems. When that disengagement doesn’t happen, the body may be inactive, but physiological recovery remains incomplete. In laboratory settings, that incomplete recovery is measurable. Nighttime cortisol declines more slowly, heart rate variability stays suppressed—signaling reduced parasympathetic activity. Even neuroimaging studies show sustained activation in the brain’s salience network, the circuitry responsible for detecting threat and unresolved demands, even in the absence of immediate stimuli.

Read more at National Geographic

Upcoming Council Programs

Events

Manufacturing Champions Award Breakfast and Workforce Developers Expo - Thursday May 7, 2026 -7:45 - 10:00 AM. West Hills Country Club, Middletown.

Networks

The Council of Industry and Marist University Executive Discussion - Assessing the current state of AI adoption across organizations. April 14, 11:30 - 1:30 via zoom.

HR Sub Council Meeting Topic TBD, April 23, 2026, 8:15 - 11:00 AM. Location Ulster BOCES Career Academy, iPark 87, Kingston.

Insight Exchange - On Demand Webinars

Training

Certificate in Manufacturing Leadership Program Spring Session, In Person at iPark 87 in Kingston. Supervisor Training Program for Hudson Valley Manufacturers. 7 Courses (8 full day sessions) April 29 - July 15.

Trade Wars

Intel Partners With SpaceX, Tesla to Operate New Chip Plant

Elon Musk is partnering with Intel I on his ambitious Terafab project, which aims to build specially designed chips for SpaceX and xAI as well as for Tesla. In an announcement Tuesday, Intel said it would work with the companies to “design, fabricate, and package ultra-high-performance chips at scale.” The company also shared a photo of Chief Executive Lip-Bu Tan shaking hands with Musk, CEO of SpaceX and Tesla.

The partnership is a win for Intel, which has struggled in recent years, leading the company to cut its production capacity when demand was surging for data-center chips and when competitors like Nvidia and AMD have thrived. The fab will make chips for use in Tesla’s robotaxis and Optimus humanoid robot, two areas of priority for the electric-vehicle maker as it shifts its focus to artificial intelligence-enabled products. It will also make chips optimized for use in space, where SpaceX is planning to deploy huge numbers of satellites capable of handling AI computing tasks.

Read more at The WSJ

Samsung Enjoys Eightfold Jump In Quarterly Profit As AI Chip Demand Pumps Prices

Samsung Electronics (005930.KS), opens new tab on Tuesday projected its ​first-quarter earnings would exceed its entire profit for last year, beating expectations as booming demand for artificial intelligence infrastructure stretched supply and drove chip prices higher. Samsung has ‌emerged as one of the major beneficiaries of the AI data centre boom that has constrained supply for traditional chips used in smartphones, PCs and game consoles and led to a near-doubling in chip prices in the first quarter alone. Research firm TrendForce expects contract ​DRAM (dynamic random access memory) chip prices to increase more than 50% in the current quarter as the shortage persists.

The world's largest memory chipmaker estimated an operating profit of 57.2 trillion won ($37.92 billion) for the January to March period, compared with an LSEG SmartEstimate of 40.6 trillion won and a more than eightfold jump from 6.69 trillion ​won a year earlier. The record-high results nearly triple Samsung's previous record quarterly operating profit of 20 trillion won, reached in the fourth quarter last year. The company is also gaining from a slump in the South Korean currency to a ​near 17-year low against the U.S. dollar, which has boosted repatriated earnings.

Read more at Reuters

Pentagon Requests More Than $20B For Strategic Capital Loan Program In 2027

The Defense Department is asking Congress for about $20.2 billion in the next fiscal year for a loan program designed to help eligible companies working in certain technology areas of interest. The funding request for the Defense Strategic Capital Credit Program, which is overseen by the Office of Strategic Capital, was included in fiscal 2027 budget documents recently released by the Pentagon and seeks to boost spending on the initiative by more than an order of magnitude.The program was allotted less than $1.5 billion for fiscal 2026, according to budget documents.

The OSC gave the office new authorities to issue loans and loan guarantees to eligible companies working on critical tech categories. The organization offers direct loans up to $150 million to finance projects. “OSC’s loan and loan guarantee authority is utilized to attract and scale investments for national security,” according to a Pentagon CTO website about the initiative. The 31 tech categories covered by the initiative include advanced bulk materials, advanced manufacturing, autonomous mobile robots, battery storage, biochemicals, bioenergetics, biomass, cybersecurity, data fabric, decision science, edge computing, external communication, hydrogen generation and storage, mesh networks, and microelectronics assembly, testing and packaging.

Read more at Defense Scoop

Iran War Casts Shadow On Otherwise Positive Sales Outlook At NY Auto Forum

The longer the Iran War lasts, the worse the consequences will be for U.S. auto sales and the U.S. economy in general, speakers said at the New York Auto Forum last week, even though – for now – sales forecasts remain largely unchanged. Besides the direct effect of higher energy prices, the Iran war also potentially disrupts auto-industry supply chains, he said. The war also creates economic unease and uncertainty, and that could lead to tighter borrowing conditions, Manzi said.

Meanwhile, even though the Iran war is an extra-extra-large asterisk, auto sales forecasts are surprisingly upbeat under the circumstances — roughly flat compared with 2025. At the forum, JD Power stuck with its 2026 U.S. light-vehicle forecast, issued in February at the NADA Show in Las Vegas, of 16.3 million cars and trucks, even with 2025.“While the industry will continue to face numerous macroeconomic uncertainties, we anticipate new-vehicle sales for 2026 will match the volumes we saw last year,” Thomas King, president, JD Power OEM Solutions, said at the forum.

Read more at Ward’s Auto

Used Car Prices Rise To Highest Point Since Summer 2023

Cox Automotive’s Manheim Used Vehicle Value Index — which tracks prices of used vehicles sold at its U.S. wholesale auctions — increased 6.2% last month compared with a year earlier. The index also hit its highest level since the summer of 2023, the company said Tuesday. Demand for used vehicles remains strong despite geopolitical tensions, high gas prices and the Iran war, according to auction data from Manheim.

Retail prices for consumers traditionally follow changes in wholesale prices, which Cox forecasts to rise at a historically stable rate of about 2% this year. The average listed price of a used vehicle was $25,287 as of February, according to Cox. That compares with new vehicles at an average price of more than $49,100. The stronger-than-expected demand for used vehicles so far this year caused Cox on Tuesday to slightly increase its used vehicle forecast for the year to 20.4 million, up from 20.3 million.

Read more at CNBC

Broadcom Signs Long-Term Deal To Develop Google’s Custom AI Chips

Broadcom said on Monday it has signed a long-term agreement with Google to develop and supply future generations of ​custom artificial intelligence chips and other components for the ‌company's next-generation AI racks through 2031. The chip firm also signed a deal with Anthropic to provide the AI startup access to ​about 3.5 gigawatts of AI computing capacity drawing ​on Google's AI processors, starting in 2027.

Demand for custom chips such as Google's ​tensor processing units (TPUs), used for AI workloads, has surged in recent years as businesses seek alternatives to Nvidia's pricey graphics processors. Reuters reported in December that Google was ​pushing to make its TPUs a viable alternative to ​Nvidia's market-leading GPUs. TPU sales have become a crucial growth engine ‌of ⁠Google's cloud revenue as it seeks to prove to investors that its AI investments are generating returns. Anthropic said on Monday that the new deal builds on the company's ​commitment to ​invest $50 billion in ⁠strengthening U.S. computing infrastructure.

Read more at AP

Novo Nordisk’s Explosive Wegovy Pill Launch Draws A New Wave Of Patients Into GLP-1 Weight Loss Treatment

Almost a month after starting Novo Nordisk ’s new Wegovy pill appears to be expanding the obesity treatment market, largely drawing in new patients rather than converting existing ones from injections. CNBC spoke with five U.S. patients who recently started the pill following its launch, all of whom said they have not previously taken branded GLP-1 injections. But it’s early days for the pill. Many patients have yet to reach higher doses of the drug, and their experiences vary.

Novo has a head start in the pill arena over Lilly, which just won U.S. approval of its own GLP-1 drug for obesity last week. Analysts previously told CNBC they still expect that rival pill, called Foundayo, to capture a segment of the market, in part because it lacks the dietary restrictions that come with Novo’s oral drug. Still, the Wegovy pill appears to have had the most explosive launch of a GLP-1 product yet. The latest number that Novo disclosed in February is that more than 600,000 prescriptions had been written since its launch, including for more than 3,000 patients in the first week.

Read more at CNBC

Artemis II Moon Crew Flies Farther Than Humans Have Ever Gone Before

The four astronauts of NASA's Artemis II mission flew deeper into space on Monday than any ​humans before them, as they cruised through a rare flyby of the shadowed far side of the moon that revealed a lunar surface under cosmic bombardment. The six-hour survey of the normally hidden ‌hemisphere of Earth's only natural satellite was highlighted by the astronauts' direct visual observations of "impact flashes" from meteors pelting the darkened and heavily cratered lunar surface.

The six-hour flyby, which swooped to within 4,070 miles of the lunar ​surface, came six days into a spaceflight marking the world's first voyage of astronauts to the vicinity of the moon since NASA's Cold War-era Apollo missions more than half a century ago. Six of those missions ​landed two-man teams on the moon between 1969 and 1972 - the only 12 humans ever to walk on its surface. Artemis, a successor to the Apollo program, aims to repeat ⁠that achievement by 2028, ahead of China's first landing, and to establish a long-term U.S. lunar presence over the next decade, including a moon base to serve as a proving ground for potential future missions to Mars.

See the Artemis II mission pictures at NASA

Jet Fuel Supply Concerns Grow As War On Iran Drags On, Airlines Cut Flights

The surging price of jet fuel isn’t the airline industry’s only problem. Now, it’s whether it will have enough. Since the U.S. and Israel attacked Iran on Feb. 28, the price of jet fuel in the U.S. has nearly doubled, going from $2.50 a gallon on Feb. 27 to $4.88 a gallon on April 2, with the increases even sharper in other regions. The effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz is choking off supplies of both crude and refined products like jet fuel, further driving up the price.

The U.S. produces a lot of jet fuel and isn’t as exposed as other regions like Europe and parts of Asia are in comparison. But aircraft fill up locally, so some U.S. airlines could face shortages on international trips. United Airlines CEO Scott Kirby told reporters late last month that the carrier, which has the most service to Asia among U.S. airlines, would have to cut back its flights there. He also said it’s “not impossible” that airlines collectively would have to reduce service in that region. He noted that as the price of jet fuel goes up, it could be more acute in parts of the U.S. that aren’t as connected by pipelines.

Read more at CNBC

Daily Market Update Apr 07, 2026

The May ’26 natural gas contract is trading up $0.04 at $2.85. The May ‘26 crude oil contract is down $2.70 at $115.11

Read more at NRG

Learn more about the Council of Industry Energy Buying Group

Quote of the Day

“Watch your thoughts, for they will become actions. Watch your actions, for they'll become... habits. Watch your habits for they will forge your character. Watch your character, for it will make your destiny.”

Margaret Thatcher - British Prime Minister who died on this day in 2013.

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